This 2016 animal study assessed the impact of preoperative rectal ozone insufflation on surgical wound healing in rabbits. Twenty-one rabbits were divided into three groups: sham, surgical wound without treatment, and surgical wound with ozone therapy (70 µg/mL O₂-O₃ mixture, 12 mL, administered rectally every other day for six sessions).
This 2015 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effects of 8-week supplementation with 1200 mg/day alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) on inflammatory biomarkers and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in 70 women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Participants were assessed for serum levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6),
This randomized, double-blind study assessed the effects of 1 g/day arachidonic acid (AA) supplementation over 50 days in 31 resistance-trained males. Participants followed a standardized 4-day/week resistance training regimen. Results showed that AA supplementation significantly increased Wingate anaerobic peak power by 8.5% and reduced serum IL-6 levels at day 25,
This 2022 review article published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences evaluates the role of oxygen-ozone (O₂O₃) therapy in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin-6 (IL-6), in conditions such as temporomandibular disorders (TMD), low back pain, knee osteoarthritis, and rheumatic diseases. The authors highlight that O₂O₃ therapy exerts its effects
This animal study investigated the effects of two plant extract combinations, Antistress I and Antistress II, on cytokine levels in rats exposed to acute and chronic stress. The results showed that both combinations reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and modulated the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, with Antistress II having the
This in vitro study investigated the effects of quercetin on human mast cells (HMC-1) stimulated to produce inflammatory cytokines. The researchers found that quercetin significantly inhibited the expression and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 by attenuating the activation of NF-kappaB and p38 MAPK pathways—two major regulators of inflammation.
This observational study found that obese individuals had higher plasma zonulin levels, which were positively correlated with inflammatory markers (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), body mass, BMI, and glucose levels, and inversely correlated with dietary protein intake. Increased intestinal permeability, as indicated by elevated zonulin levels, may play a role in the
This review details the IL-6/IL-6 receptor system’s role in both normal and pathological conditions, including its mechanisms through membrane-bound and soluble IL-6 receptors that activate JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Elevated IL-6 levels are associated with inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis, making the IL-6/IL-6R system a
This 2013 review article published in International Journal of Endocrinology (DOI: 10.1155/2013/678159) explores the intricate link between obesity and chronic systemic inflammation. It details how obesity triggers an immune response in adipose tissue, leading to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and acute-phase proteins like C-reactive
This 2013 review article published in the Journal of the American Medical Directors Association (PMID: 23792036) explores the role of proinflammatory cytokines—such as IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and CRP—in aging and their link to age-related diseases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, termed “inflamm-aging,” is associated with increased frailty, sarcopenia, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative
