Well Referenced

Tag: Glutathione

Anti-cancer effect of pharmacologic ascorbate and its interaction with supplementary parenteral glutathione in preclinical cancer models

This 2011 study by Chen et al. investigates the anti-cancer effects of high-dose intravenous ascorbic acid (AA) and its interaction with intravenous glutathione (GSH) in preclinical cancer models. The research demonstrates that pharmacologic concentrations of AA induce cytotoxicity in various cancer cell lines through the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂),

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Clinical Effect of Glutathione on Skin Color and Other Related Skin Conditions: A Systematic Review

This 2019 systematic review assessed the efficacy of glutathione in skin lightening and related dermatological conditions. Analyzing four clinical studies, including three randomized controlled trials and one single-arm trial, the review found that both oral glutathione at 500 mg/day and topical 2.0% oxidized glutathione could brighten skin color in sun-exposed

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Evidence for Carrier-Mediated Transport of Glutathione Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in the Rat

This 1990 study investigated the transport mechanisms of glutathione (GSH) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats. Using carotid artery injection of 35S-labeled GSH, researchers observed significant brain uptake, indicating that GSH crosses the BBB via a saturable, carrier-mediated process. The transport was unaffected by inhibitors of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, suggesting

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutathione: Overview of Its Protective Roles, Measurement, and Biosynthesis

This 2009 review article provides a comprehensive overview of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant low molecular weight thiol compound synthesized in cells. GSH plays critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage, detoxifying xenobiotic electrophiles, and maintaining redox homeostasis. The review discusses the functions of GSH, sources of oxidants and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants in Atopic Dermatitis

This 2013 case-control study by Sivaranjani et al. assessed oxidative stress markers in 25 patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) compared to 25 healthy controls. The study found significantly elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in AD patients. Concurrently, there was a marked reduction in both enzymatic

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Chelation: harnessing and enhancing heavy metal detoxification–a review

This 2013 review by Margaret E. Sears examines the role of chelation in detoxifying heavy metals such as arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury, which are prevalent environmental toxins contributing to chronic diseases. The paper discusses both natural chelators like glutathione and metallothionein, and pharmaceutical agents such as EDTA, DMSA, and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Role of Antioxidants in the Prevention of Cadmium-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction

This review explores how cadmium (Cd) exposure impairs endothelial function—primarily through oxidative stress—and how antioxidants can mitigate these effects. Cd induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and disrupts vasodilatory function, contributing to vascular inflammation and hypertension. The article reviews in vitro and in vivo studies

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

A Common Highly Conserved Cadmium Detoxification Mechanism from Bacteria to Humans: Heavy Metal Tolerance Conferred by the ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter SpHMT1 Requires Glutathione but Not Metal-Chelating Phytochelatin Peptides

This experimental study elucidates a conserved cadmium (Cd) detoxification mechanism involving the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter SpHMT1, functional from bacteria to humans. Researchers demonstrated that expression of SpHMT1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Escherichia coli conferred significant tolerance to Cd stress. Unlike previously known mechanisms dependent on phytochelatin peptides,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Toxic Metals and Antioxidants: Part II. The Role of Antioxidants in Arsenic and Cadmium Toxicity

This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms by which arsenic and cadmium exert toxic effects, primarily through oxidative stress and interference with essential metal ions. The article highlights the role of antioxidants and thiol-containing compounds in mitigating these toxicities. Key antioxidants discussed include S-adenosylmethionine, lipoic acid, glutathione, selenium, zinc, N-acetylcysteine (NAC),

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in neurological disorders: mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities

This 2014 review outlines the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in treating various neurological disorders. As a precursor to glutathione, NAC plays a critical role in reducing oxidative stress and modulating inflammation. It influences glutamatergic neurotransmission, restores redox balance, and promotes neuronal survival. The review highlights preclinical and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments