This 2020 review provides a structured approach to diagnosing and managing acute severe autoimmune hepatitis (AS-AIH), characterized by acute onset, jaundice, and an INR ≥1.5 without hepatic encephalopathy. The authors emphasize early recognition and prompt initiation of high-dose corticosteroids to prevent progression to acute liver failure. Liver biopsy is crucial
This comprehensive review outlines the diagnosis and management strategies for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), a life-threatening opportunistic fungal infection predominantly affecting immunocompromised individuals. The article emphasizes the importance of early recognition, especially in patients with HIV/AIDS, organ transplants, or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnostic approaches include imaging techniques like chest
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of inhaled budesonide in reducing the severity and duration of COVID-19 symptoms in adults with mild to moderate cases. The study found that budesonide significantly reduced symptom duration, with patients improving in 3 days compared to 5 days for the placebo group (p
This study explores the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. It highlights how reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to intestinal inflammation, mucosal damage, and increased risk of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. The article reviews antioxidant therapies, including
