This 2020 review examines the impact of high-protein diets on kidney function and longevity. High dietary protein intake can cause intraglomerular hypertension, leading to kidney hyperfiltration, glomerular injury, and proteinuria. While high-protein diets are popular for weight loss and type 2 diabetes management, evidence suggests that they may worsen renal
This 2019 individual participant data meta-analysis pooled data from over 5.4 million adults across 39 general population cohorts, 6 high cardiovascular risk cohorts, and 18 chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohorts spanning 40 countries. The study assessed associations between adiposity measures—body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio—and decline in
This review examines the evolution of intravenous (IV) iron therapies, focusing on newer formulations such as ferumoxytol, ferric carboxymaltose, and iron isomaltoside. These agents possess more stable iron-carbohydrate complexes, allowing for higher single-dose administrations with reduced labile iron release, thereby minimizing infusion-related adverse events. Their enhanced safety profiles and dosing
This review critically examines the association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Drawing from observational studies and pharmacoepidemiologic data, it highlights potential mechanisms such as acute interstitial nephritis leading to CKD. The article emphasizes the need for cautious PPI prescribing, especially in
This review emphasizes the importance of early detection of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. It discusses the limitations of microalbuminuria as an early marker and highlights the potential of novel biomarkers for earlier diagnosis. The article underscores that early identification and intervention can slow the
This 1993 review by V. Batuman highlights the persistent issue of lead nephropathy despite modern exposure standards. Lead nephropathy is characterized as a chronic tubulointerstitial renal disease presenting with modest proteinuria, hyperuricemia, gout, and hypertension. The study emphasizes the utility of the EDTA (calcium disodium edetate) lead mobilization test and
This review explores the impact of heavy metal exposure, particularly cadmium and lead, on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). It highlights that both acute and chronic low-level exposures contribute to renal and cardiovascular toxicity. The article discusses the potential benefits of chelation therapy, specifically with calcium EDTA,
This 2010 review examines the influence of metabolic and endocrine factors on mild cognitive impairment (MCI). It highlights chronic kidney disease as a newly identified independent risk factor for MCI. The review discusses the potential benefits of testosterone substitution in individuals with low testosterone levels, though routine screening is not
This 2020 review discusses the role of the Klotho protein in aging and kidney function. Klotho, primarily expressed in the kidneys, regulates phosphate homeostasis and vitamin D metabolism through its interaction with fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). With aging, Klotho levels decline, leading to phosphate toxicity and contributing to chronic kidney
This case-control study investigated whether serum fibrinogen levels independently predict mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 and 4. Among 128 outpatients with eGFR
