This article provides a comprehensive overview of glutathione, a critical antioxidant composed of cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid, found in cells at concentrations similar to glucose and potassium. It exists in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, with the GSH/GSSG ratio serving as a marker of cellular redox status—typically over
This systematic review examines the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in a wide range of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and age-related conditions. The review underscores the damaging cycle of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial impairment, which drives cellular decline. It highlights
This article explores the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress, highlighting its potential therapeutic benefits. Short-term HBOT can impair mitochondrial function and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS), while long-term treatment improves mitochondrial activity and reduces ROS levels through enhanced antioxidant defenses. The findings suggest
