The VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL) was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial involving 25,871 U.S. adults (men ≥50 years, women ≥55 years) with no prior history of cancer or cardiovascular disease. Participants received either 2,000 IU/day of vitamin D₃ or placebo for a median of 5.3 years. The trial found
This prospective cohort study evaluated the association between urinary cadmium (U-Cd) levels and cancer mortality among 3,792 American Indian adults aged 45–74 from Arizona, Oklahoma, and the Dakotas, followed for up to 20 years. Baseline U-Cd concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. After adjusting for sex, age,
This 2017 study analyzed cancer mortality in Region II of northern Chile, where residents experienced high arsenic exposure in drinking water from 1958 until a significant reduction in 1970. Despite the decrease in exposure, mortality rates for lung, bladder, and kidney cancers remained elevated even 40 years later. Specifically, from
This study utilized U.S. death certificate data from 1973 to 2012 to categorize cancer patient deaths into three categories: index-cancer, nonindex-cancer, and non-cancer causes. The research found that the proportion of deaths due to index cancer decreased significantly over time, from over 60% to less than 30% in certain cancers.
This 2017 analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trials examined the long-term effects of menopausal hormone therapy (HT) on mortality. Among 27,347 postmenopausal women followed for a median of 18 years, neither estrogen-alone nor estrogen-plus-progestin therapy was associated with increased all-cause or cause-specific mortality, including deaths from cardiovascular
This study analyzed data from 3,482 adults in the NHANES III cohort to examine the association between blood lead levels and mortality. Findings indicated that higher blood lead concentrations were significantly associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.01–1.08), all cancer mortality (OR 1.07; 95% CI
This systematic review analyzed 23 prospective cohort studies to identify blood-borne biomarkers predictive of mortality risk in adults aged 50–75 years. Out of 51 biomarkers examined, 20 were significantly associated with mortality. Notably, elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) were linked to increased all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality. Similarly, higher
This 2015 prospective cohort study from the Japan Collaborative Cohort (JACC) study, published in the Journal of Clinical Nutrition, followed 58,615 adults aged 40–79 over a median of 14.7 years to examine the impact of dietary magnesium intake on mortality outcomes. Participants in the highest quintile of magnesium intake had
A study published in BJU International (2016) analyzed 40,533 men diagnosed with Gleason score 8 or 9 prostate cancer to compare prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) rates. The study found that patients with Gleason score 5 + 3 = 8 had a 5-year PCSM rate of 13.5%, which was similar to
This study on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in 22,597 Swedish women found that while HRT did not increase overall cancer mortality, it increased risks of breast and endometrial cancers, especially with estrogen-progestin therapy. However, HRT appeared to offer protection against colon and liver cancers. The findings suggest that the type
