Well Referenced

Tag: breast cancer risk

Urinary cadmium concentration and risk of breast cancer: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the association between urinary cadmium levels and breast cancer risk. Analyzing data from 2 cohort studies, 5 case-control studies, and 1 cross-sectional study (totaling 1,416 cases and 5,083 controls), the study found that higher urinary cadmium concentrations were associated with increased breast cancer risk.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Association Between ATM Variants and Risk of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

This 2021 systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between ATM gene variants and breast cancer risk by pooling data from multiple case-control and cohort studies. The findings confirmed a statistically significant link between ATM mutations and increased breast cancer susceptibility. The V2424G variant emerged as the most strongly associated

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Type and Timing of Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Risk: Individual Participant Meta-Analysis of the Worldwide Epidemiological Evidence

This 2019 meta-analysis by the Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer pooled individual data from over 108,000 postmenopausal women with breast cancer and more than 400,000 without, across 58 studies worldwide, to evaluate the impact of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on breast cancer risk. The analysis found that

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on estrogen-dependent risks and benefits–an attempt to interpret the Women’s Health Initiative results

A review published in Gynecological Endocrinology analyzed the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) findings on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women, focusing on the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) alone versus CEE combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The study highlighted that the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome among participants

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Women’s Health Initiative randomized trials of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer: findings in context

The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) randomized trials examined the effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on breast cancer incidence and mortality. The findings showed that estrogen therapy (ET) alone, given to women with prior hysterectomy, decreased both breast cancer incidence and mortality. In contrast, combined estrogen plus progestin therapy (EPT)

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Transcriptional profiles of progestogen effects in the postmenopausal breast

This study examined how different progestogens influence gene expression in the breast tissue of postmenopausal women, highlighting their potential impact on cell proliferation and cancer pathways. The findings suggest that the choice of progestogen in hormone therapy may affect breast cancer risk, emphasizing the need for personalized hormone therapy to

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June 26, 2025 No Comments