This 2018 review by Snyder et al. summarizes findings from the Testosterone Trials (TTrials), a coordinated set of seven placebo-controlled, double-blind trials involving 788 men aged 65 and older with low testosterone levels. The trials assessed the effects of testosterone therapy on various health domains. Key findings include: increased sexual
This 2013 review by Reed, Merriam, and Kargi explores the clinical utility and safety concerns surrounding growth hormone replacement therapy (GHRT) in adults diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency (AGHD). GHRT is associated with improvements in body composition (increased lean mass, reduced fat mass), bone mineral density, lipid metabolism, and quality
This 2009 review evaluates the benefits and risks of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men with hypogonadism. TRT has been shown to improve libido, sexual function, bone density, muscle mass, body composition, mood, erythropoiesis, cognition, quality of life, and cardiovascular health. However, concerns remain regarding potential adverse effects, including prostate
This mini-review examines the impact of low energy availability (LEA) on male endurance athletes, highlighting its association with decreased testosterone levels, reduced bone density, and suppressed resting metabolic rate. LEA, resulting from insufficient energy intake relative to expenditure, can impair recovery, adaptation, and performance. The review discusses the prevalence of
The DAWN study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial involving 110 men and 115 women aged 55 to 85, investigating the effects of 50 mg daily oral DHEA supplementation over one year. The study examined various biological outcomes, including bone mineral density, body composition, muscle strength, immune function, and cardiovascular
This review examines the role of androgens and estrogens in aging, focusing on their impact on muscle mass, bone density, and overall physical function. In men, declining testosterone levels are linked to reduced muscle mass, bone density, and strength, while in women, estradiol deficiency primarily affects bone health, with less
This review examines the benefits, risks, and best practices of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in hypogonadal men, highlighting improvements in sexual function, mood, bone density, muscle mass, and body composition. While TRT offers significant benefits, potential risks include erythrocytosis, prostate abnormalities, and possible cardiovascular concerns, necessitating careful patient selection and
This article explores testosterone deficiency in women, its causes, diagnosis, and emerging treatments. Testosterone is essential for sexual function, cognitive health, and bone density, with deficiency linked to symptoms like sexual dysfunction, fatigue, and osteoporosis, especially in post-menopausal women or those with premature ovarian failure. The article reviews the potential
A 2016 meta-analysis published in Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine (PMID: 26998003) evaluated the efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men with hypogonadism, analyzing data from 16 randomized controlled trials. The study found that TRT effectively alleviates symptoms such as low libido, fatigue, and reduced muscle mass while
This systematic review assesses the safety and effectiveness of low-dose oral continuous combined hormone therapy (cc-HT) for managing climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women. It finds that low-dose cc-HT effectively alleviates symptoms and prevents bone loss with a favorable safety profile, showing no increased risks for cardiovascular diseases or breast cancer.
