This 2015 survey-based study analyzed the prescribing practices of obesity medicine specialists prior to the 2012 approval of new anti-obesity medications. Among the 25% of 1,992 surveyed specialists who responded, many reported using stimulant medications like phentermine at higher doses and for longer durations than recommended. Off-label use of medications
These comprehensive guidelines, developed by AACE and ACE, provide evidence-based recommendations for the medical care of patients with obesity. The guidelines address nine broad clinical questions, resulting in 123 recommendations encompassing 160 specific statements. Key areas include screening, diagnosis, clinical evaluation, treatment options, therapy selection, and treatment goals. The guidelines
This 2016 systematic review analyzed studies on weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy (SG). It found that definitions of weight regain varied across studies, leading to inconsistent reporting. Reported rates of weight regain ranged from 5.7% at 2 years to 75.6% at 6 years post-surgery. Proposed causes included initial sleeve size,
This retrospective nested case-control study analyzed data from 12,676 bariatric surgery patients in Quebec (2001–2014), matched with 38,028 obese and 126,760 non-obese controls. Over a mean follow-up of 4.4 years, bariatric patients exhibited a higher postoperative fracture risk compared to obese (RR 1.38; 95% CI: 1.23–1.55) and non-obese controls (RR
This retrospective cohort study analyzed Medicare claims data from 42,345 severely obese adults (29,624 underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB]; 12,721 underwent adjustable gastric banding [AGB]) between 2006 and 2014. Over a mean follow-up of 3.5 years, RYGB was associated with a 73% higher risk of nonvertebral fractures compared to AGB
This large-scale retrospective cohort study analyzed data from 65,093 adults (aged 20–79 years, BMI ≥35 kg/m²) who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), sleeve gastrectomy (SG), or adjustable gastric banding (AGB) between 2005 and 2015 across 41 U.S. health systems. RYGB resulted in the greatest total weight loss at 1, 3,
This 2015 commentary in The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology argues that obesity is a biologically defended chronic disease, making long-term weight loss through lifestyle modification alone often ineffective. The authors highlight that caloric restriction triggers biological adaptations—such as increased hunger, reduced energy expenditure, and hormonal changes—that promote weight regain. Additionally,
The 2023 Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) guidelines update the 2004 recommendations on childhood obesity, addressing the rising prevalence and evolving understanding of its pathogenesis and management. The guidelines emphasize distinguishing primary (exogenous) from secondary (endogenous) obesity, as management strategies differ. For diagnosis, weight-for-length/height using WHO charts is recommended for
This 1998 study evaluated the impact of vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) on sex hormone levels in 57 morbidly obese patients (19 men and 38 premenopausal women) over a 12-month period. In men, significant hormonal changes included decreased estradiol and increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), total testosterone, and sex hormone-binding
This prospective observational study assessed the incidence and predictors of hair loss in 42 morbidly obese female patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Over a 12-month postoperative period, 41% of patients reported hair loss. While mean serum zinc and iron levels remained within normal ranges, low levels of these micronutrients
