Well Referenced

Tag: antioxidant defense

The Oxygen-Ozone Adjunct Medical Treatment According to the Protocols from the Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy: How Ozone Applications in the Blood Can Influence Clinical Therapy Success via the Modulation of Cell Biology and Immunity

This 2023 review by Chirumbolo et al. outlines the protocols established by the Italian Scientific Society of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy (SIOOT) for administering oxygen-ozone therapy (OOT) via blood-based methods such as major autohemotherapy (MAH). The authors discuss how low-dose ozone interacts with blood components to generate reactive oxygen species and lipid

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutathione: Overview of Its Protective Roles, Measurement, and Biosynthesis

This 2009 review article provides a comprehensive overview of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant low molecular weight thiol compound synthesized in cells. GSH plays critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage, detoxifying xenobiotic electrophiles, and maintaining redox homeostasis. The review discusses the functions of GSH, sources of oxidants and

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation

This 2018 review explores glutamine’s role as a conditionally essential amino acid, particularly during catabolic stress. It highlights glutamine’s critical functions in immune cell energy metabolism, nitrogen transport, and antioxidant defense via glutathione synthesis. The paper discusses glutamine’s impact on lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, and macrophage activity. Clinical applications include

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Nrf2 and Ferroptosis: A New Research Direction for Neurodegenerative Diseases

This review highlights the emerging role of the transcription factor Nrf2 in regulating ferroptosis—a form of programmed cell death driven by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation—within neurodegenerative disease contexts. Ferroptosis contributes to neuronal cell loss in disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases. Nrf2 modulates antioxidant defense systems (e.g., glutathione metabolism,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Brain ischemia and hypometabolism treated by ozone therapy

This 2011 study evaluated the therapeutic potential of ozone therapy in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia and hypometabolism. Using FDG-PET imaging, researchers demonstrated that ozone therapy significantly improved cerebral glucose metabolism and neurological function. Mechanisms of benefit included enhanced oxygen delivery, improved redox homeostasis, and activation of antioxidant systems. Patients

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Pharmacological Ascorbate as a Means of Sensitizing Cancer Cells to Radio-Chemotherapy While Protecting Normal Tissue

This 2019 review evaluates the therapeutic potential of pharmacological ascorbate (P-AscH⁻) in oncology, emphasizing its ability to act as a radiosensitizer for cancer cells while protecting normal tissues. At high plasma concentrations, ascorbate induces cytotoxic hydrogen peroxide selectively in cancer cells due to their reduced antioxidant capacity, resulting in enhanced

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

The Sirtuins, Oxidative Stress and Aging: An Emerging Link

This review explores the role of sirtuins, a family of NAD⁺-dependent deacetylases, in modulating oxidative stress and aging. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 and SIRT3, enhance cellular resistance to oxidative damage by deacetylating key transcription factors and enzymes involved in antioxidant defense, such as FOXO proteins and SOD2. Caloric restriction activates sirtuins,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Medical ozone therapy as a potential treatment modality for regeneration of damaged articular cartilage in osteoarthritis

This review article explores the therapeutic potential of medical ozone therapy in modulating oxidative stress across a range of chronic diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative disorders. It details ozone’s biochemical mechanisms—such as stimulating antioxidant enzymes, reducing inflammation, and modulating immune responses—and compiles findings from various studies showing symptomatic

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Decrease in glutathione may be involved in pathogenesis of acne vulgaris

This observational study, titled “Decrease in glutathione may be involved in pathogenesis of acne vulgaris” (Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2011, PMID: 21896138), investigated the relationship between glutathione (GSH) levels and acne. Researchers compared stratum corneum samples from acne-affected facial skin, unaffected facial areas, and upper arms of acne patients, with

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Glutathione!

This article provides a comprehensive overview of glutathione, a critical antioxidant composed of cysteine, glycine, and glutamic acid, found in cells at concentrations similar to glucose and potassium. It exists in reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) forms, with the GSH/GSSG ratio serving as a marker of cellular redox status—typically over

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June 26, 2025 No Comments