This comprehensive review evaluates various animal models used to study depression, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate models to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the disorder. The authors discuss commonly used models such as the forced swim test, tail suspension test, chronic mild stress, learned helplessness, social defeat, and genetic
This review examines preclinical studies on cannabidiol (CBD) and its potential antidepressant effects, focusing on molecular mechanisms and interactions with neurotransmitter systems such as serotonergic, glutamatergic, and endocannabinoid pathways. CBD has been shown to enhance brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, promote synaptogenesis in the medial prefrontal cortex, and support neurogenesis
This 2006 study examines the effects of estrogen therapy on the adult and aging brain using animal models to assess its potential neuroprotective benefits and risks. The findings suggest that estrogen therapy may influence cognitive function and neurological health, with outcomes varying based on factors such as timing and duration
