Well Referenced

Tag: Androgen Receptor

Supraphysiological Testosterone Therapy as Treatment for Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

This 2018 article explores the rationale and emerging evidence behind supraphysiological testosterone (SPT) therapy—specifically bipolar androgen therapy (BAT)—for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). BAT administers high-dose testosterone in cycles to exploit the overexpression of androgen receptors (AR) in CRPC cells, triggering DNA damage and AR pathway disruption. Clinical studies demonstrate potential

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Recent Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

This 2022 review comprehensively examines the latest therapeutic developments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive and heterogeneous subtype lacking hormone receptors and HER2 expression. The article outlines current treatment paradigms including chemotherapy, and highlights advancements such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., pembrolizumab, atezolizumab) for PD-L1-positive TNBC and PARP

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Recent Progress on Nutraceutical Research in Prostate Cancer

This 2014 review highlights the potential of various nutraceuticals—such as isoflavones, indole-3-carbinol (I3C), 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM), lycopene, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), and curcumin—in the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). These compounds have been shown to modulate critical signaling pathways, including androgen receptor (AR), Akt, and NF-κB, which are involved in PCa

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Integrated Analysis Reveals FOXA1 and Ku70/Ku80 as Targets of Ivermectin in Prostate Cancer

This 2022 study investigates ivermectin’s anticancer effects in prostate cancer, identifying FOXA1 and Ku70/Ku80 as direct targets. Ivermectin induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and DNA damage, while suppressing androgen receptor (AR) signaling. It binds to FOXA1, reducing chromatin accessibility of AR signaling and E2F1, leading to inhibited cell proliferation.

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Loss and revival of androgen receptor signaling in advanced prostate cancer

This 2021 review examines the mechanisms underlying the transition of prostate cancer from androgen receptor (AR)-positive to AR-negative states, a shift associated with poor prognosis. The study highlights that potent AR signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) like enzalutamide and abiraterone, while initially effective, can lead to increased cases of AR-negative prostate cancer

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Activity and safety of enobosarm, a novel, oral, selective androgen receptor modulator, in androgen receptor-positive, oestrogen receptor-positive, and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer (Study G200802): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, multinational, parallel design, phase 2 trial

This phase 2 trial investigates the activity and safety of enobosarm, an oral selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), in patients with androgen receptor-positive, estrogen receptor-positive, and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. The study found that enobosarm demonstrated promising efficacy in improving clinical outcomes with manageable safety risks. These results support further

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Androgen Deprivation Followed by Acute Androgen Stimulation Selectively Sensitizes AR-Positive Prostate Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation

This study investigates the effects of androgen deprivation followed by acute androgen stimulation on prostate cancer cells. The results demonstrate that this strategy selectively sensitizes androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy. The study suggests that combining androgen manipulation with radiation therapy

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Testosterone and prostate cancer: an historical perspective on a modern myth

This review challenges the longstanding belief that testosterone supplementation contributes to prostate cancer progression, suggesting that this idea is based on limited and outdated evidence. Despite early studies linking testosterone to prostate cancer growth, more recent research reveals no conclusive evidence that testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) increases prostate cancer risk,

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June 26, 2025 No Comments

Testosterone and the breast

This review evaluates the role of testosterone therapy in women, particularly in relation to breast cancer risk. The evidence suggests that testosterone does not increase the risk of breast cancer, with studies showing that testosterone has anti-cancer properties, including apoptotic and antiproliferative effects on breast cancer cells. High-dose testosterone use

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June 26, 2025 No Comments