This 2021 review examines the role of vitamin E as an antioxidant in mitigating allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and food allergies. The authors discuss how oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenesis of these conditions and how vitamin E, particularly α-tocopherol, can modulate immune responses by reducing
This 2018 review explores the immunomodulatory roles of vitamins A and D in allergic diseases. Animal studies indicate that deficiencies in these vitamins exacerbate allergic symptoms and lung inflammation, while supplementation, particularly with vitamin D, can attenuate these effects. Active metabolites—retinoic acid (RA) from vitamin A and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3)
This review explores the role of T helper 9 (Th9) cells in allergic diseases and how the microbiota influences Th9 activity. Certain microbes, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, can stimulate Th9 responses, exacerbating allergic inflammation, while microbial and dietary metabolites like retinoic acid, butyrate, and vitamin D may
