The relation of smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake to serum adrenal steroids, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin in middle-aged men

This observational study analyzed how smoking, age, relative weight, and dietary intake influence serum levels of adrenal steroids, sex hormones, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in 1,241 middle-aged U.S. men. Results showed that smokers had significantly higher levels of DHEA (18%), DHEAS (13%), cortisol (5%), androstenedione (33%), testosterone (9%), DHT