This in vitro study explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptogenic effects of five herbal extracts—Rhodiola rosea, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Withania somnifera, Rhaponticum carthamoides, and Bryonia alba—on human neuroglia cells. Using RNA sequencing, researchers identified over 3,500 genes modulated by these herbs, including 88 genes linked to adaptive stress-response pathways such
