This 2019 review article provides a comprehensive overview of Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB), a neurological complication of Lyme disease caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. LNB manifests in various forms, including meningitis, cranial neuritis (e.g., facial palsy), radiculoneuritis, and, in rare cases, encephalitis. The article discusses the pathogenesis involving