This 2007 pilot study by Kopera et al. evaluated the efficacy of a phosphatidylcholine, deoxycholate, and ethanol (PPC/DC/E) formulation for reducing localized fat in the trochanteric ("saddlebag") region. In a half-side controlled design, the right posterior trochanteric area of participants received three PPC/DC/E injections at weeks 0, 3, and 6,